Benchmarking RAG Pipelines With A LabelledRagDatatset

The LabelledRagDataset is meant to be used for evaluating any given RAG pipeline, for which there could be several configurations (i.e. choosing the LLM, values for the similarity_top_k, chunk_size, and others). We’ve likened this abstract to traditional machine learning datastets, where X features are meant to predict a ground-truth label y. In this case, we use the query as well as the retrieved contexts as the “features” and the answer to the query, called reference_answer as the ground-truth label.

And of course, such datasets are comprised of observations or examples. In the case of LabelledRagDataset, these are made up with a set of LabelledRagDataExample’s.

In this notebook, we will show how one can construct a LabelledRagDataset from scratch. Please note that the alternative to this would be to simply download a community supplied LabelledRagDataset from llama-hub in order to evaluate/benchmark your own RAG pipeline on it.

The LabelledRagDataExample Class

%pip install llama-index-llms-openai
%pip install llama-index-readers-wikipedia

from llama_index.core.llama_dataset import (
    LabelledRagDataExample,
    CreatedByType,
    CreatedBy,
)

# constructing a LabelledRagDataExample
query = "This is a test query, is it not?"
query_by = CreatedBy(type=CreatedByType.AI, model_name="gpt-4")
reference_answer = "Yes it is."
reference_answer_by = CreatedBy(type=CreatedByType.HUMAN)
reference_contexts = ["This is a sample context"]

rag_example = LabelledRagDataExample(
    query=query,
    query_by=query_by,
    reference_contexts=reference_contexts,
    reference_answer=reference_answer,
    reference_answer_by=reference_answer_by,
)

The LabelledRagDataExample is a Pydantic Model and so, going from json or dict (and vice-versa) is possible.

print(rag_example.json())

{"query": "This is a test query, is it not?", "query_by": {"model_name": "gpt-4", "type": "ai"}, "reference_contexts": ["This is a sample context"], "reference_answer": "Yes it is.", "reference_answer_by": {"model_name": "", "type": "human"}}

LabelledRagDataExample.parse_raw(rag_example.json())

LabelledRagDataExample(query='This is a test query, is it not?', query_by=CreatedBy(model_name='gpt-4', type=<CreatedByType.AI: 'ai'>), reference_contexts=['This is a sample context'], reference_answer='Yes it is.', reference_answer_by=CreatedBy(model_name='', type=<CreatedByType.HUMAN: 'human'>))

rag_example.dict()

{'query': 'This is a test query, is it not?',
 'query_by': {'model_name': 'gpt-4', 'type': <CreatedByType.AI: 'ai'>},
 'reference_contexts': ['This is a sample context'],
 'reference_answer': 'Yes it is.',
 'reference_answer_by': {'model_name': '',
  'type': <CreatedByType.HUMAN: 'human'>}}

LabelledRagDataExample.parse_obj(rag_example.dict())

LabelledRagDataExample(query='This is a test query, is it not?', query_by=CreatedBy(model_name='gpt-4', type=<CreatedByType.AI: 'ai'>), reference_contexts=['This is a sample context'], reference_answer='Yes it is.', reference_answer_by=CreatedBy(model_name='', type=<CreatedByType.HUMAN: 'human'>))

Let’s create a second example, so we can have a (slightly) more interesting LabelledRagDataset.

query = "This is a test query, is it so?"
reference_answer = "I think yes, it is."
reference_contexts = ["This is a second sample context"]

rag_example_2 = LabelledRagDataExample(
    query=query,
    query_by=query_by,
    reference_contexts=reference_contexts,
    reference_answer=reference_answer,
    reference_answer_by=reference_answer_by,
)

The LabelledRagDataset Class

from llama_index.core.llama_dataset import LabelledRagDataset

rag_dataset = LabelledRagDataset(examples=[rag_example, rag_example_2])

There exists a convienience method to view the dataset as a pandas.DataFrame.

rag_dataset.to_pandas()

	query	reference_contexts	reference_answer	reference_answer_by	query_by
0	This is a test query, is it not?	[This is a sample context]	Yes it is.	human	ai (gpt-4)
1	This is a test query, is it so?	[This is a second sample context]	I think yes, it is.	human	ai (gpt-4)

Serialization

To persist and load the dataset to and from disk, there are the save_json and from_json methods.

rag_dataset.save_json("rag_dataset.json")

reload_rag_dataset = LabelledRagDataset.from_json("rag_dataset.json")

reload_rag_dataset.to_pandas()

	query	reference_contexts	reference_answer	reference_answer_by	query_by
0	This is a test query, is it not?	[This is a sample context]	Yes it is.	human	ai (gpt-4)
1	This is a test query, is it so?	[This is a second sample context]	I think yes, it is.	human	ai (gpt-4)

Building a synthetic LabelledRagDataset over Wikipedia

For this section, we’ll first create a LabelledRagDataset using a synthetic generator. Ultimately, we will use GPT-4 to produce both the query and reference_answer for the synthetic LabelledRagDataExample’s.

NOTE: if one has queries, reference answers, and contexts over a text corpus, then it is not necessary to use data synthesis to be able to predict and subsequently evaluate said predictions.

import nest_asyncio

nest_asyncio.apply()

!pip install wikipedia -q

# wikipedia pages
from llama_index.readers.wikipedia import WikipediaReader
from llama_index.core import VectorStoreIndex

cities = [
    "San Francisco",
]

documents = WikipediaReader().load_data(
    pages=[f"History of {x}" for x in cities]
)
index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents(documents)

The RagDatasetGenerator can be built over a set of documents to generate LabelledRagDataExample’s.

# generate questions against chunks
from llama_index.core.llama_dataset.generator import RagDatasetGenerator
from llama_index.llms.openai import OpenAI

# set context for llm provider
llm = OpenAI(model="gpt-3.5-turbo", temperature=0.3)

# instantiate a DatasetGenerator
dataset_generator = RagDatasetGenerator.from_documents(
    documents,
    llm=llm,
    num_questions_per_chunk=2,  # set the number of questions per nodes
    show_progress=True,
)

len(dataset_generator.nodes)

13

# since there are 13 nodes, there should be a total of 26 questions
rag_dataset = dataset_generator.generate_dataset_from_nodes()

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rag_dataset.to_pandas()

	query	reference_contexts	reference_answer	reference_answer_by	query_by
0	How did the gold rush of 1849 impact the devel...	[The history of the city of San Francisco, Cal...	The gold rush of 1849 had a significant impact...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
1	What were the early European settlements estab...	[The history of the city of San Francisco, Cal...	The early European settlements established in ...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
2	How did the arrival of Europeans impact the se...	[== Arrival of Europeans and early settlement ...	The arrival of Europeans had a significant imp...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
3	What were some of the challenges faced by the ...	[== Arrival of Europeans and early settlement ...	The early settlers of San Francisco faced seve...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
4	How did the California gold rush impact the po...	[== 1848 gold rush ==\nThe California gold rus...	The California gold rush in the mid-19th centu...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
5	Discuss the role of Chinese immigrants in the ...	[== 1848 gold rush ==\nThe California gold rus...	Chinese immigrants played a significant role i...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
6	How did San Francisco transform into a major c...	[== Paris of the West ==\n\nIt was during the ...	San Francisco transformed into a major city du...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
7	What were some significant developments and ch...	[== Paris of the West ==\n\nIt was during the ...	During the late 19th and early 20th centuries,...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
8	How did Abe Ruef contribute to Eugene Schmitz'...	[== Corruption and graft trials ==\n\nMayor Eu...	Abe Ruef contributed $16,000 to Eugene Schmitz...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
9	Describe the impact of the 1906 earthquake and...	[== Corruption and graft trials ==\n\nMayor Eu...	The 1906 earthquake and fire had a devastating...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
10	How did the 1906 San Francisco earthquake impa...	[=== Reconstruction ===\nAlmost immediately af...	The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had a signif...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
11	What major events and developments took place ...	[=== Reconstruction ===\nAlmost immediately af...	During the 1930s and World War II, several maj...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
12	How did the post-World War II era contribute t...	[== Post-World War II ==\nAfter World War II, ...	After World War II, many American military per...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
13	Discuss the impact of urban renewal initiative...	[== Post-World War II ==\nAfter World War II, ...	M. Justin Herman led urban renewal initiatives...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
14	How did San Francisco become a center of count...	[== 1960 – 1970s ==\n\n\n=== "Summer of Love" ...	San Francisco became a center of countercultur...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
15	Explain the role of San Francisco as a "Gay Me...	[== 1960 – 1970s ==\n\n\n=== "Summer of Love" ...	During the 1960s and beyond, San Francisco bec...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
16	How did the construction of BART and Muni impa...	[=== New public infrastructure ===\nThe 1970s ...	The construction of BART and Muni in the 1970s...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
17	What were the major challenges faced by San Fr...	[=== New public infrastructure ===\nThe 1970s ...	In the 1980s, San Francisco faced several majo...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
18	How did the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake impact...	[=== 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake ===\n\nOn Oct...	The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had significan...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
19	Discuss the effects of the dot-com boom in the...	[=== 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake ===\n\nOn Oct...	The dot-com boom in the late 1990s had signifi...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
20	How did the redevelopment of the Mission Bay n...	[== 2010s ==\nThe early 2000s and into the 201...	The redevelopment of the Mission Bay neighborh...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
21	What significant events occurred in San Franci...	[== 2010s ==\nThe early 2000s and into the 201...	In 2010, the San Francisco Giants won their fi...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
22	In the context of San Francisco's history, dis...	[=== Cultural themes ===\nBerglund, Barbara (2...	The 1906 earthquake had a significant impact o...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
23	How did different ethnic and religious communi...	[=== Cultural themes ===\nBerglund, Barbara (2...	Two specific communities mentioned in the sour...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
24	In the context of San Francisco's history, wha...	[=== Gold rush & early days ===\nHittell, John...	Some significant events and developments durin...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)
25	How did politics shape the growth and transfor...	[=== Gold rush & early days ===\nHittell, John...	The provided sources offer a comprehensive und...	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)	ai (gpt-3.5-turbo)

rag_dataset.save_json("rag_dataset.json")